After Slavery the Negro in South Carolina Review

92CIVIL WARHISTORY modek did, however, win adoption by military, naval, and police forces on both sides of the Adantic. Some saw considerable activeness. At San Juan Hill, in 1898, the U.s. Army fabricated its showtime employ of Gatlings in shut support of an infantry attack. But this was the last of import employment of the weapon. The evolution of effective automatic machineguns rendered the Gatling obsolete and little more was heard of it for one-half a century. Information technology survived but as the source of the slang word "gat," pregnant a pistol or revolver. Only in 1945, as a consequence of the growing need for a reliable, extremely loftier-charge per unit-of-burn machinegun, unlikely to overheat or fire out, was the Gatling principle revived. Today it is the basis of major airborne weapon systems. Firearms experts Paul Wahl and Donald R. Toppel take compiled a useful and interesting semi-technical history of the development and employment of the Gatling Gun and of the life and career of its colorful inventor. Profusely illustrated, although lacking color plates, the book includes a fascinating array of sketches, photographs, model drawings, document reproductions, and other pictures guaranteed to delight the taste of the "coffee tabular array book" collector also as the more than serious scholar. The text contains both historical narrative and detailed weapons specifications, in addition to colorful eyewitness accounts of armed services and naval actions in which the Gatling saw service. The authors accept fatigued their material from "about a decade of research" in archival sources, including the records of the Gatling Gun Company itself, and published works, as well equally from their ain long years of feel as gun collectors and military machine students. Unfortunately for the scholarly reader, their product is undocumented and their short bibliography restricted to only a few published references. But their work appears to be careful and generally accurate. It will probably remain the last discussion on the Gatling Gun. Stanley L. Falk Industrial College of the Armed Forces After Slavery: The Negro in Due south Carolina during Reconstruction, 1861-1877. By Joel Williamson. (Chapel Hill: Academy of North Carolina Press, 1965. Pp. nine, 442. $7.50.) This volume is an of import and able work of revision. It destroys many stereotypes of Reconstruction history, with the result of placing the Negro in a much more favorable light than older accounts have washed. In the process, the author challenges a number of previously accepted views. For case, he maintains that when the opportunity presented itself during the war, it was the trusted business firm servants and skilled mechanics who fled the plantations, and not the field hands. He also disputes the idea that the large plantations were broken into minor units; in this same vein, the tradition of a wide migration by Negroes from the plantations is exaggerated . Professor Williamson states that contrary to northern misrepresentation , the Black Codes were not designed to reinslave the Negro, but for BOOKREVIEWS93 bis protection. The reason why many Negroes refused to sign labor contracts was not unwillingness to piece of work, but the promise of land partitioning. Contrary to contempo interpretations, segregation was strongly developed during Reconstruction and was advanced in role by the Negroes themselves and by northern whites residing within the state. One of the more valuable chapters of this study is the description of the Negro politician, a very unlike portrayal than that given past James S. State highway in the Prostrate Land. Williamson states that few of the Negroes in politics were straight from the cotton wool rows. Indeed, many were men of real ability, and bright portraits are drawn of some, such as Francis Cardozo and Robert Smalls. One of the more prominent leaders, W. J. Whipper, advocated giving the vote to women. Williamson ako gives a more favorable account of the scalawags than is traditional. Still, he does non minimize the susceptibility of both Negro politicians and scalawags to corruption. The author represents the new breed of southern historians, who have emancipated themselves from quondam assumptions and stereotypes, who dig securely in the sources, maintain a very liberal oudook, and write with sophistication and charm. Cloudless Eaton Academy of Kentucky Labor Revolt in Alabama: The Great Strike of 1894. By Robert D. Ward and...

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Source: https://muse.jhu.edu/article/417654/pdf